Ulysses Grant had gained fame as the hero of the Civil War, and in 1868 became the first West Point graduate to become President. But the qualities that had brought him military glory were not enough to solve the nation's problems in the 1870's. His enemies called him a poor President, and historians have generally agreed.

Grant's presidency was clouded by disgrace and dishonesty. Congressional investigations revealed widespread corruption in both state and local governments. Several of Grant's major appointees became involved in various scandals. But Grant himself was so honest that even his enemies never accused him of being involved personally; they did, however, revile him for his seemingly complete lack of judgement in his political appointments.